Tag: supercell

  • 28 May 2018 | Cope, Colorado | Landspout Tornadoes

    28 May 2018 | Cope, Colorado | Landspout Tornadoes

    Fresh off a successful tornado chase the day before in southeast Wyoming, we headed into Colorado for an upslope play. My focus was on supercell dynamics and tornado potential there. We hung out in the vicinity of Wiladel, watching convection develop and waiting for something to take the lead.

    2225Z — strengthening convection near Wiladel, Colorado

    I seem to recall some social media taunting going on about the race between the northeast Colorado op we were on vs. outflow from northwest Kansas storms that was racing in to wreck it. But then a funny thing happened and landspout reports started popping up on areas further south. Bases in that area were visible beyond our strengthening cell in that awesomely clear high plains air, but nothing tubular was revealing itself. Landspout targeting was not in my plans, but the stronger cell I was watching was clearly not needed for those options. I finally got antsy enough to bail on it and start drifting south, watching those bases carefully. I’m glad we got rolling when we did, because we were already pretty far out of position for what started happening next. At 2300Z, we spotted a pair of dustups with one reaching up to the cloud base.

    2301Z — Distant landspout pair seen from 5 miles northwest of Cope, Colorado, facing southwest

    Those were our first landspouts — and a simultaneous pair at that. They were also very far off. So we hustled to move in closer to the boundary segment that was stirring them up. We navigated the dirt grid and maneuvered past other spellbound chasers that were as out of position as we were. Soon after, as we were driving, a third spot lifted up and taunted our distance. Shortly after it dissipated, we crested a ridge to see a new pair of dust fans spreading their wings above the distant plains. At first I supposed they might be gustnadoes, but as their cores started to tower and reach up to the cloud base, I got pretty giddy to realize it was another new simultaneous pair of landspouts maturing.

    Both sported short condensation funnels up at the cloud base. By 2314Z, the westernmost spout seemed to have drifted into an especially dusty field because it suddenly started lifting up a spectacularly opaque tube of dust into its braided tower.

    2314Z — Solid dust wall rising into the western spout’s circulation
    2315Z — Closeup as heavy dust further entrains into the braided circulation

    As dust fully and solidly engulfed the western tube, we moved a little further south and got a different view across a lush green field. The eastern landspout was starting to morph some fascinating characteristics of its own by this point with an impressively sturdy condensation funnel reaching two-thirds of the way down to meet a new, solid cone of dust rising to meet it.

    2317Z — Fully engulfed western spout (right) with eastern spout (left) growing an impressive condensation funnel
    2317Z — Dust funnel quickly rising to the cloud base of the eastern spout

    At this point, we took off again to try getting closer. The new dust column on the eastern tube had risen about two thirds of the way to the cloud base but as we continued driving, over the course of a couple minutes, the whole column seemed to tilt to the right and the dust collapsed into what looked like a dense microburst. It was almost as though that updraft had fully stopped and dropped everything at once.

    2318Z–2319Z — Landspout dust column collapse

    Circulation on that eastern tube quickly regathered itself, but with a much rougher profile.

    2319Z — Rugged landpouts behind farm equipment from four miles southwest of Cope

    By 2323Z, both landspouts were starting to broaden and thin out, with the western one gradually dissipating. The eastern one hung on for a bit longer let us get a little closer to watch it with a little better definition before it dissipated.

    2329Z — Last hurrah of the eastern landspout with pitiful remains of the western spout barely visible to the right

    After that awesome show, we hurried further south to intercept a decent supercell that had formed, north of Seibert. We paused briefly on a rise to watch as rain curtains swept around the RFD before bailing out of the way. I didn’t want to get caught on those roads when they were drenched. We got to the south side of the cell and followed it eastward, watching as it got more disorganized. The precip cleared enough to catch a glimpse into the core of the remaining RFD to watch a tubular husk of slow rotation evaporate in front of us. I wondered if it was tornadic at some point, but probably not. At least nothing shows up in the NOAA reports for that day that I can see.

    0009Z — Dissipating RFD core viewed from 11 miles northeast of Seibert, facing north

    So we wound up with four landspouts for the chase. I spotted a possible fifth one on the dashcam later, but haven’t pinned it down to an official report yet. The great thing about a chase that ends before sunset is winding down with shots of the shelves, landscapes and towns in the post storm environment as the sun goes down.

    0030Z — long shelf from 5 miles northeast of Stratton
    Video account of the landspouts from May 28, 2018.

    NOAA Severe Event Report — Tornado Track — Kit Carson County | Flagler, Colorado (First one we spotted)
    NOAA Severe Event Report — Tornado Track — Kit Carson County | Flagler, Colorado (longest lived with collapse)
    NOAA Severe Event Report — Tornado Track — Kit Carson County | Seibert, Colorado (dustiest tube)

  • 27 May 2018 | Cheyenne, Wyoming | Tornadoes

    27 May 2018 | Cheyenne, Wyoming | Tornadoes

    May 27th was the first day of my second 2018 plains trip and my son was with me. After driving from Flagstaff, Arizona, the prior evening, we overnighted behind the Sangre de Cristo Mountains in central Colorado and woke to clear blue skies.

    By the time we made it up to our Front Range target area in Laramie, Wyoming, convection was lofting off the Medicine Bow Mountains. It’s always a relief on day one to get to the target area and be ready to catch the storms instead of trying to race after them.

    Our storm of the day started to drift off the mountains and looked like it was going to easily survive the transition. We paced east on I-80 and were rewarded with some beautiful, crystal clear structure as our supercell matured.

    The cell was aiming north of Cheyenne, so we made our way to the north side of town and headed west on Horse Creek Road then about a mile further down Romsa Road to get a look as it moved in. Along the side of the road we saw a restored Wyoming schoolhouse with a sign saying, “Capitol Vista School 1919–1936.” Usually the old structures we see while chasing are a complete mystery.

    2028Z – Capitol Vista School

    The cell looked great as it moved in and I wanted to be ready to jog back over to I-25 to intercept, so I didn’t drive further in. In retrospect, I should have gone further northwest on Horse Creek to get a closer vantage, but it still worked out reasonably well.

    By 2100Z, the storm was cycling an a new wall cloud was forming deep in the shadows. I nearly missed seeing what was going on as it moved behind a ranch home on the horizon. Nick of time though I spotted the condensation funnel and we watched as it cruised left to right.

    2108Z — Distant wall cloud and tornado beneath overall storm structure
    2108Z — Low contrast tornado looming behind homestead
    2109Z
    2109Z — Tornado and wall cloud behind homestead

    From our vantage, we couldn’t see ground contact across the distant rise, but it was confirmed tornadic. It only lasted four minutes or so before dissipating and we headed back east and then north on I-25 to get our next visual. Heading north, a new tornado formed to our left and tightened up into a thin soda straw as we hopped off the interstate at Ridley Road for quick shots before it evaporated.

    2134Z — New occluded tornado just before dissipating

    We headed further up I-25 and had a view of rotating RFD beneath the storm from Whitaker Road. The view wasn’t good enough to make out what was happening back in there, but the storm looked great and was very ominous by this point.

    2150Z — Precipitation wrapped RFD from Whitaker Road & I-25

    We paced the cell further east along Highway 85 before calling it off southwest of LaGrange. High plains structure did not disappoint and it was an excellent start to the chase week.

    2220Z — Structure northeast of Cheyenne

    NOAA Severe Event Report — Laramie County #1, Wyoming
    NOAA Severe Event Report — Laramie County #2, Wyoming

  • 3 November 2016 | Northern Arizona | Supercell

    3 November 2016 | Northern Arizona | Supercell

    I hadn’t been forecasting this day to death…not even close. I was pretty much keeping a lazy eye on it for any option for strong storms as low pressure worked its way into southern Arizona. SPC had marked out southeast Arizona and southwest New Mexico for marginal severe probabilities, but a quick check of HRRR this morning hinted at some fun further north in the Little Colorado River Valley.

    Six overlapping runs of HRRR helicity swaths

    Several runs were pretty consistently bringing up to 750 j/kg SBCAPE, 20-40 knots of 6km shear, low 50 degree dew points up into the LCRV. Those runs were also consistently laying down decent helicity swaths across I40 between Winslow and Holbrook. As the day wore on, dew points looked like they might cross the 50 degree threshold. By 2PM, convection was starting to strengthen south of Holbrook, so I took off to sample the goods.

    And what goods there were.

    As I headed east, one cell took over and picked up a very nice, cyclonic velocity couplet as it drifted north-northwest.

    Reflectivity/Velocity Radar — 2219Z

    By the time I was within 50 miles, I could start to make out a couple layers of bell-shaped lowerings sweeping beneath the lurking darkness of the storm. As good as the couplet looked, I was pretty sure the storm was peaking and I’d probably missed the best.

    About 10 miles east of Winslow, I exited at Jackrabbit road, trying to position a couple miles east of where I thought the storm would cross. I haven’t scouted this area before, and got stuck with some pretty bland landscape options…shooting perpendicular across railroad tracks makes me sad. But the storm…the storm was incredible. The RFD gust front had scooped up a gigantic cowcatcher shelf cloud as it loomed closer. After snagging a few still photos, I set both cameras up to catch both wide and tight video as it moved in.

    Five-frame stitched pano looking south at the approaching supercell from 10 miles east of Winslow — 2315Z

    Within a few minutes, my phone belted out a warning alarm, and there I was smack dab in the middle of a tornado warning polygon. Although there was broad rotation, I didn’t notice anything tightening up apart from some fun eddies underneath the gust front.

    Finding myself in the center of a tornado warning polygon — 2321Z

    Road options were no good once it crossed the interstate and I headed back west to Winslow to take Highway 87 north. From there I watched a trailing cell try to make good on whatever was left to chew on.

    So, yeah, it feels great to finally have been on a tornado-warned Arizona supercell!

  • 25 May 2016 | Bennington-Solomon-Abilene-Chapman, Kansas | Tornado

    25 May 2016 | Bennington-Solomon-Abilene-Chapman, Kansas | Tornado

    We started the day out in Dodge City where we had viewed several tornadoes the day before. This day’s chase took us further east into Kansas looking for convergence and backed winds along the dryline and other boundaries. As we made our way east on Hwy 50, we stopped at a couple abandoned buildings east of Spearville, at a spot on the map called Ardell. We had passed these the day before while shooting some sunset pics after the Dodge City storm. My daughter is a bit of an explorer and spent a lot of time checking things out, including peeking into a window where she was hissed at by a huge, cranky gopher snake that had wound itself around some pipes dangling over an inky abyss.

    As we got further east, a long arc of clouds bordering hazy skies announced the dryline bulge. It was extremely cool to see it stretched out like that visually without even needing satellite. Although the satellite view was pretty impressive too, showing both the arc of the dryline and a boundary further east. Towers were trying to build on this eastern boundary, while others were brewing to our north near the triple (quadruple?) point. We gradually made our way eastward shooting landscapes along the way, watching the boundaries percolate, trying to decide between east or north.

    By the time we reached Hutchinson around 2145Z, convection was gushing anvils to our north near Claflin while the Wichita towers appeared to still be working on the cap, so we headed northwest to head for the northern target. When we got to a few miles southeast of Lyons by 2215Z, those anvils had gone orphan while a Wichita storm was finally taking off and looked like it had a nice, muscular updraft going. More self doubt followed as we drifted eastward and a new growing tower between Minneapolis and Lincoln to our north got going. I watched these two towers compete for attention north and southeast until Rt 61 a few miles southwest of McPherson when a final decision had to be made. I opted north, thinking that storm’s convection looked sturdier, had a backsheared anvil, overshooting top, hopefully the benefit of a boundary and better backed inflow to work with, and an easier intercept by this point.

    As we got further north on I-135, the storm was looking pretty impressive as it approached the north side of Salina. I wondered if Bennington would see a repeat 2013 performance—and apparently a tornado did briefly touch down there while we were still making our way north.

    Blossoming supercell north of Salina — 2317Z

    We headed off onto the grid about 4 miles north of I-70 and had our first look at the base. It was working on an RFD notch, but didn’t look too impressive at the moment.

    We got a little behind for a few minutes, but worked some very nice dirt road grid to catch up. After heading west another 5 miles, the storm really pulled together and we caught sight of a hazy, dark, cone tornado behind a thin veil of RFD precipitation. The pace of the chase really picked up after that. As we paced and worked to gain ground on the storm, the tornado grew in size while the choppy barrel meso above it took on Bowdle stylings.

    First view of the growing tornado as seen from 7 miles west of Solomon — 0009Z
    Strengthening cone tornado as seen from 5 miles west of Solomon — 0013Z
    Wide view of the tornado and sculpted RFD cut — 0013Z
    Growing tornado and chaotically detailed meso — 0016Z

    At 240th road, I headed south and got onto I-70 to try and gain some ground on it, snagging blind photos out the window along the way. Just a bit before the Solomon exit, we encountered a sheriff hollering at a tour van operator who was parked on the side of the interstate while his tour group was loping across the median. Yikes.

    RFD cut and ongoing tornado from I-70 — 0022Z
    Dashcam view of tour group getting busted for Interstate frolicking — 0025Z
    View to the northwest from the northwest side of Abilene — 0038Z

    We made our way to the east side of Abilene and Indy Road just north of I-70. It was a perfectly elevated spot to watch the dusty, stovepipe tornado approach and widen into a large cone as it crossed our road a little over 2 miles to the north. It served up the best set of photos and video I’ve ever gotten of a tornado. A couple of locals, a father and I think his teenage daughter pulled up and talked about this being the first they’d seen even though he’d lived in Abilene his entire life.

    View from Indy Rd north of I-70/northeast of Abilene as a stovepipe moves across the landscape — 0050Z
    Tornado and rippling RFD cut getting ready to cross Indy Rd. a little over 2 miles to the north — 0054Z
    Closer look as it approaches the road — 0054Z
    Crossing Indy Road — 0055Z
    Tight video frame grab after crossing Indy Road — 0057Z

    As it passed to the east, RFD shrouded the view and was pretty intent on knocking my tripods over, so we packed up and pulled back east onto Old US 40. Because the storm was nudging increasingly south and we didn’t want to play tag with the approaching tornado, we turned south on Rt 43 at Detroit to get some distance from it. I was concerned that by the time we found a good east-west road we might not catch back up until the river infested, choppy road network south of Junction City. So we lost it at that point and snagged sunset photos of a beautiful trailing cell before heading further south and shooting some nightscape shots with fireflies, stars and receding lightning near Antelope.

    Sunset and striated structure on trailing supercell — 0134Z
    Stars, lightning and headlights reach into the sky near Antelope — 0411Z
    Chase map for the day — 25 May 2016
    Close up chase map showing photo locations and approximate tornado locations.

    Zoomable/interactive chase map

    Video highlights from the chase:

    NOAA Abilene-Chapman Tornado Survey — 25 May 2016

  • 24 May 2016 | Minneola-Dodge City, Kansas | Tornadoes

    24 May 2016 | Minneola-Dodge City, Kansas | Tornadoes

    Our May 24th chase started out in Shamrock, OK. We got a really good rate at the Shamrock Country Inn—it was clean, new beds, recently refurbished by a motivated new owner. The doors are a bit sticky, but I can definitely recommend it.

    We made our way north, looking for likely spots for storm initiation along the dryline or intersecting boundaries from the Oklahoma Panhandle up into southwest Kansas.

    Eventually, satellite imagery showed the cumulus field getting more agitated north of Englewood, KS. This gave us a chance to drive through Englewood and revisit a view we had over four years ago when we chased a lonely, low-topped LP supercell north of town (14 March 2012). I noticed Stephen Locke—another storm chaser whose photography I admire—filling up at the gas pump. I had a chance to say hi before moving on to the growing towers to the north.

    Silos and developing towers from Englewood, Kansas — 2102Z

    We made our way to about six miles west of Ashland and shot time lapse of the building towers to see what would take hold. The one I was shooting wound up gaining strength and we headed off to watch it develop.

    Vorticity and random high-based funnels showing up in the developing cumulus field — 2138Z
    The storm of the day looms in the distance—west of Ashland, KS — 2156Z

    Roads were dry and in pretty good shape, so we stayed off the main highways for hopefully more unique perspectives and less crowds. It worked out pretty well. As we got about eight miles east-southeast of Minneola, the storm was developing a wall cloud that looked like it had potential.

    Traveling the dirt roads but avoiding the dicier ones — 2238Z
    Wall cloud developing in the base of our rapidly strengthening supercell near Minneola — 2240Z

    I hated to leave our spot in case it put down a brief tornado while we were on the move, but we needed to keep up. We made our way north and by the time we were a couple miles north of Bloom, the tendrils dropping out of the wall cloud looked pretty imminent. So we stopped in time to capture a developing condensation funnel touch down for our first tornado of the day. It turned out to be a great spot, with enough altitude to capture some intervening countryside as the silhouetted funnel danced and twisted against a distant tree line. We were about 12 miles away at this point, but the view was great. We hung out at this spot for nearly 15 minutes as it grew in size. At one point I was thinking that this must be how Rozel looked in silhouette—apparently this one is being referred to as Rozel #2 by some 🙂

    Condensation funnel of the first tornado reaches for the ground — 2301Z
    Inflow tugs at my daughter and chase partner as the first tornado strengthens north of Minneola — 2308Z
    She kindly returned the favor so I could have one for myself.
    Tornado #1 bulks up as it moves northward — 2313Z

    We eventually had to keep moving to stay with the storm. While repositioning, the original tornado began to occlude behind a haze of precipitation. My daughter asked if there was a different tornado forming further to the right. Sure enough, a thin rope had descended from the fresher wall cloud while the previous tornado was still in progress. This was our first tornado pair. I hate to call them twins, because the emaciated second one wasn’t even close in appearance to the first—more like the mole that shows up on the stronger twin when it absorbs its sibling I guess.

    Tornado #1 occludes while whisker-thin tornado #2 reaches down to the right — 2321Z

    About seven miles south of Dodge City and still on the dirt roads, we found a really good spot to watch as a new tornado took on Rozel-like proportions as a thin rope tornado flicked around on the east edge of the elongated wall cloud. There may even have been another tornado intertwined with that rope, but from my perspective I couldn’t tell if it was just extra scud tendrils. The view of the main tornado at this point was spectacular. We were further south of it, so now it had some side lighting and showed a lot of dimension. We hung out at this spot for another 13 minutes or so before heading off to the dreaded main highway. (Rain was starting to effect the area and I didn’t want to get us stuck in the mud.)

    Tornado #3 gains strength while a couple ropes — tornado #4 — reaches down at far right — 2330Z
    A wider view of tornado #3 as it is southwest of Dodge City and about 10 miles to our northwest — 2331Z
    Tornado #3 taking on Rozel characteristics — 2332Z
    Wide view of a new pairing of tornadoes — #3 and #5 — 2335Z

    Hwy 283 was about as insane as I was worried it would be—absolutely packed with chasers and locals. Despite how crowded it was, most everyone was driving, parking and loitering in an orderly fashion. We parked at a couple spots to get photos as a fifth tornado morphed into various forms—barrel/multi-vortex/cone/elephant trunk/rope—west of Dodge City. We took the highways around the east side of the city, watching as the sixth tornado occluded and roped out while a new, seventh tornado descended from the apex of a wasp-nest shaped meso. The highway was at a decent elevation, so we had pretty good views of the action north of the city as we made our way around. By the time we got northeast of Dodge, the seventh tornado had sprouted a satellite rope funnel of its own—video from other chasers shows this in contact with the ground as well, so—tornado number seven.

    One of the many forms of tornado #6 as it was moving northwest of Dodge City—as seen from Hwy 283, about 9 miles away — 0002Z
    Video frame grabs of tornado #6 ropeout as we navigated the east side of Dodge City — 0004Z-0008Z
    Tornado #6 occludes behind the grain silo while tornado #7 drops north of Dodge City — 0010Z
    Tornado #7 sports a satellite, tornado #8 north of Dodge City—about 9 miles to our northwest — 0016Z

    By this time, new supercells were encroaching from the south it looked like our original cell was jogging to the east. So to avoid getting pinched, we bailed out to the east and made a half-hearted attempt to get on some other tornado warned cells east of Kinsley. That wound up seeming like more effort than it was worth, especially after the spectacle we just experienced, so we hung out for a while just west of Lewis on Hwy 50 and grabbed sunset photos.

    One of the DOW vehicles sampling a different storm east of Kinsley — 0109Z
    A spectacular roll cloud sporting Kelvin-Helmholtz waves drifts by west of Lewis, KS — 0215Z

    After the stunning sunset, we headed back to Dodge City for dinner and a hotel for the night. While eating dinner, Arizona storm chasers Adri Mozeris, Trey Greenwood and Corbin Jaeger stopped by to say hi and we got a chance to talk about all the unbelievable things we had seen that afternoon.

    Throughout our chase, I’m pretty sure we observed seven tornadoes, where two were on the ground at the same time on four occasions. I’m still having trouble believing we actually witnessed all of this. Other chasers reported seeing on the order of twelve tornadoes. So the numbers in my account don’t represent the actual sequence of tornadoes on the storm—just the ones we saw ourselves. Like the Rozel/Sanford tornadoes, I could be convinced that what I counted as two tornadoes may have been continuations—where say one of the thin ropes seemed to disappear, but may have actually still been stirring up ground circulation before turning into a larger tornado later. I’ll update things if I find out differently.

    Chase map for the day — 24 May 2016
    Close up chase map showing photo locations and approximate tornado locations.

    Zoomable/interactive chase map

    Video highlights from the chase:

    NOAA Dodge City Tornado Survey — 24 May 2016

  • 16 May 2016 | Felt, Oklahoma to Texline, Texas | Tornadoes

    16 May 2016 | Felt, Oklahoma to Texline, Texas | Tornadoes

    This day came on the heels of chasing linear storms and shelf clouds way south near Marathon, Texas. My daughter and I made the long journey up the Texas Panhandle and on to the western end of the Oklahoma Panhandle. By 21Z, we were driving beneath the mammatus filled anvil of a strengthening storm west of Boise City. We were barely in time to catch the action as it unfolded. We made it to an unpaved crossroads about a mile east of Felt by 2127Z and had a good vantage of the supercell to our northwest.

    Supercell northwest of Felt, Oklahoma — 2131Z

    Within just a couple minutes of getting my video camera tripoded and rolling, a low contrast funnel emerged within the shroud of RFD precipitation.

    Funnel emerging — 2133Z

    As it drifted southward, it became easier to discern and began to elongate.

    Chasers closer to the storm documented ground circulation, so this was tornadic. About this time, the herd of cattle whose fence we were peering through, had noticed us and came over to see if we had acceptable offerings. We did not. But I still took the opportunity to document their coexistence with tornadic supercells.

    Cattle currently disinterested in yonder tornado — 2138Z
    New mesocyclone gathering strength to the right of the occluded tornado — 2139Z
    Realization dawning that we have nothing to offer — 2140Z

    The herd eventually realized we had nothing worthy to offer and began a more active milling about as I think they realized that the storms were moving closer and something had to be done, even if that meant roaming in circles. The rotating wall cloud beneath the new base was beginning to tighten up and was headed straight for our location. A family exiting the road to the north let us know we were welcome to use their storm shelter if we needed. Which was very cool, but we assured them we were about to bail out of the way ourselves. Sure hope those cows didn’t sustain too much hail damage or otherwise.

    We packed up and quickly made our way about five miles further east to watch the new circulation cross the road. There was a distinctly tornadic looking shadow behind the RFD as it crossed, and I felt sure it must be a tornado. But reviewing video, the edges were rough and motion along its profile was not particularly fast. So I haven’t counted it as a tornado. The NOAA Storm Event Record for that moment in time plots a touchdown a couple miles further north than that structure. In my photos that plotted area is beneath a new area of circulation with no visible funnel, just a broad wall cloud/lowering. In any case, it was an impressive sight.

    After that, we made our way east and south to get out of the way of the southeastward mesocyclone handoffs. The storm was becoming more HP at this point.

    We kept moving south to flank new development to the west and suddenly noticed a sharp lowering on a distant updraft to our west. I pulled over barely in time to squeeze off a few shots and get some terrible video of another possible tornado. There was an intervening hill, so there was no way to tell from our location if it had ground contact. Damage was documented with this one though, about 16 miles south of Texline, and there is a NOAA Storm Events Database report for it.

    Tornado about 16 miles south of Texline, Texas and 30 miles east-southeast of our location on Hwy 385 — 2240Z

    After that, we kept moving south, documenting moody landscapes along the way.

    When we got to Dalhart, stopped trains and road construction led to a bit of a fluster trying to get through & out of town before an inbound storm accosted us with a barrage of hail. We finally threaded around that mess and found a way to Highway 87 to keep making our way south-southeast ahead of the storms.

    Dalhart infrastructure waiting for the storm to move in — 2346Z

    Further southeast, the supercell structure, and eventual outflow structure, were becoming awesome. There were some good times surfing that and grabbing shots along the way as the sun worked on peaking down below it.

    Structure to our west from three miles south of Hartley — 0032Z
    RFD carving a rather thin base, looking northwest from Channing — 0049Z

    About eight miles south of Masterson, I stopped to watch the cell pass by to our north. On radar, and visually, it looked like we had room to spare to stay out of the RFD, but a golf ball pinging off the hubcap sent me racing back into the car. Radar loop later showed that RFD stringing out and yo-yo-ing it’s way further south than I thought it would. As I backed us out of our parking spot, I could see what must’ve been baseballs bouncing up out of the grass. I can’t stand being in big hail, so stress levels skyrocketed as I hustled at enough speed to get out of it but without so much velocity as to make any big hail hits especially disastrous. We nabbed a few dimples out of that, but no broken glass thankfully.

    Passing RFD gust front eight miles south of Masterson, just before the big hail started to hit — 0132Z

    After that little run for cover, we found a couple good spots to watch it move off in the twilight as lightning colored the sky. This was definitely a fun chase with at least two tornadoes on two different storms to cap it off.

    Lightning display between Masterson and Amarillo — 0153Z
    0226Z
    0242Z
    0317Z
  • 13 March 2016 | Moscow, Arkansas | Tornado

    13 March 2016 | Moscow, Arkansas | Tornado

    I had my eye on potential for this setup in the days leading up to an annual visit to Elk City, Oklahoma. I headed out about 7AM with an initial check-in target at Hope, Arkansas.

    Crossing the threshold on Hwy 70

    I wasn’t sure I’d ever take the plunge into chasing Arkansas, but after working on my chase map last year I had a better idea where potentially decent chase terrain/road network would be. I also spent the night before studying how highway/secondary roads would play out with northeast moving storms. Even the heavily treed areas (outside the mountains) still have patches of farmland where some peeks can be taken. I had resolved to stay far ahead of storms as long as I was in the heavy trees. Turns out I didn’t need to mess around with them in the thicker areas. I figured I had time to shoot some landscape photos on the way—southwest Arkansas is beautiful.

    Once I got to Hope about 2:30PM, I knew I had to keep moving. Convection was initiating and I was going to be in the middle of it instead of out ahead.

    I made my way through Camden, Fordyce, and then to Star City where I was far enough ahead of the developing line of storms to figure out the best option. I wanted tail-end-charlie in the southernmost batch of convection—closest to better moisture before the cap pinched the line off. At 2230Z, the southernmost convection was about 30 miles to my west near Fordyce. There would be clearer views in farmland just to my east, so I headed that way and looked for a good intercept spot along AR-11 about 3 miles south of Grady.

    Fields and farm roads were flooded everywhere, so I knew any use of the road grid was out of the question. Paved roads were dense enough to get within 5 miles of anything in the area, with the main issue being river crossings for the Arkansas River spaced about 35-40 miles apart at Little Rock, Pine Bluff and Pendleton. The end cell did me a lot of favors and strengthened nicely as it approached. The flooded fields made for some interesting photography options that I wasn’t planning for.

    As the rain free base moved closer, I could finally see that RFD was carving out a glowing hole punctuated by a wall cloud with nice tendrils and rising motion.

    Lightning strike posing with my time lapse and video setup – 2315Z

    It was far enough off that I had plenty of time to set up for time lapse and lightning shots as it moved in. As the cell got more to my north, RFD finally punched a huge skylight in the base. A line of trees was blocking my view somewhat, so I raced about a half mile up the road and did another quick setup to watch events unfold.

    Looking up AR-11 as RFD cuts open the rain free base – 2330Z

    I got video and still cameras tripoded up for shots just seconds before a noodle slipped out of the wall cloud and made contact (2335Z). The fact that I just broke a three year tornado drought with an Arkansas tornado was freaking me out. The seemingly imminent grief of chasing Arkansas with trees, vegetation and flooding actually made for the best tornado photos I had gotten so far.

    Tornado across flooded fields — 2338Z

    While I was snapping away, a couple drove up in a car, motioning for me to come over. Trusting that the video camera was doing its job, I headed over to find them in Heightened-Awareness-Mode (understandably), fumbling with a cell phone trying to show me a picture of a tornado that just touched down, and how careful I needed to be. It took a few tries before they understood that, yes, I was actually trying to take pictures of it right now. Meanwhile my unattended SLR & tripod had blown over and face planted into the soil while I wasn’t watching. So as they took off, I ran back, lamented my fallen camera, unscrewed the thank-goodness-for-that UV filter and kept shooting.

    Inflow winds and the toppling of a camera
    Still couldn’t believe I was watching a tornado over this waterscape — 2340Z

    The tornado roped out about 9 minute after it touched down and I took off for the Pendleton river crossing.

    Starting to rope out — 2341Z
    Last bits of the rope out — 2343Z

    I couldn’t catch back up or get in good position to catch some newer convection to the south, so I tried for parting lightning shots that didn’t turn out any good. After that, I crossed the Mississippi at Helena and boondocked along US 61 before heading north for the March 15th setup.

    As I downloaded my photo and video media, something didn’t seem right about my video footage—there wasn’t enough of it. As I dug into it, I came to the terrible realization that I had the video camera in pause mode during the entire 9 minute tornado sequence. The anguish is making my guts clench as I type this. I had that video framed and focused perfectly the entire time. But I guess I was juggling too much photography and planning the next move to get everything right. I keep working on the fact that I got a lot of good still shots and just a tidbit of the first touchdown on the far edge of my dashcam video.

    Not realizing at this moment that the video camera (bottom center) was not recording
    Chase Map – 13 March 2016
    Photography locations for approaching supercell and tornado

    NOAA Severe Event Report — Jefferson County, Arkansas

    Jeremy Perez
    Flagstaff, Arizona
    perezmedia.net

  • Storms of 2015

    Storms of 2015

    2015 went down as another year without a tornado. However, awesome weather was still in abundance, and I got to enjoy some exhilarating storms with at least one gorgeous, white funnel that stared us down between Burlington, Colorado and Kanorado, Kansas.

    This year I put a lot more effort into tracking down mesocyclone potential in Arizona and wound up with some beauties. Three of them were solid, daylight examples of Arizona supercells, with deep rotation lasting over an hour. A couple more nocturnal supercells hid their structure behind terrain and darkness while other daylight examples of rotating storms were more transient and weak—but still fascinating during their brief, messy lives.

    This is a video and time lapse compilation some of the amazing storms I chased and photographed across the high plains and Arizona in 2015.

  • 7 August 2015 | Tuba City, Arizona | Storm Chase

    7 August 2015 | Tuba City, Arizona | Storm Chase

    The Mogollon Rim Convergence Zone worked its magic the past 3 days with southwest flow leading to some especially favorable shear along the Colorado River Valley.

    On my way north to meet the best shear parameters—which I thought would be best near Page and the Arizona Strip, I encountered some heavy convection and a nice roll cloud and gust front north of Cameron on Hwy 89.

    I figured this one would probably stabilize the air mass pretty solidly, so after following it a bit, getting photos, looking for lightning and doing some roadside nowcasting, I started making my way towards Page. A couple hours later I found myself at The Gap to pick up a replacement 9-volt battery for the lightning trigger. Radar showed a couple strong storms lighting up to my south—where I thought things had already been played. So I raced back south and started catching sight of a very healthy looking anvil peeeking over the plateau to my west. Once I cleared the horizon-blocking hills, I got to meet a beautiful Arizona supercell drifting toward me from the west.

    This is the first time I’ve caught Kelvin-Helmholtz waves along the elevated base of a supercell—and it was an hour from home. This view faces northwest as the cell moves over the edge of the Painted Desert.

    Another view as the storm starts to pass to the north.

    I followed it through Tuba City and further east where it was trying to hand off to a new base before slowly withering.

  • 6 June 2015 | Burlington, Colorado | Storm Chase

    6 June 2015 | Burlington, Colorado | Storm Chase

    This was the craziest and best chase of our five-day trip. After overnighting in the car near Wray, we headed back to a target area east of Denver and spent about an hour with a storm that struggled south of Strasburg. I was unsure about veered wind profiles downstream in the deeper moisture, especially noting SPC guidance that storms would probably tend to grab supercell structures early on before lining out. And that’s kind of what this storm was doing. It had joined some friends and wound up on the south end of a mushy line of storms moving to the east and northeast by 21Z. And it appeared to be weakening after that.

    So I let it go, figuring I didn’t want to waste energy on eventual garbage. Not a good idea, as it turns out. But I was worn out and feeling kind of sorry for myself about missing the Simla storm a couple days earlier and not seeing so much as a cold air funnel on anything yet. As we sat in a spot with horrible data for accessing current radar, I figured the whole day was probably destined to be a wreck of grungy, linear convection. To show how miserable I was making myself, I even mulled the idea of heading into Denver to catch a movie so the whole day wouldn’t be a complete disappointment.

    I probably spent a good twenty minutes in my pity party, facing west, watching sad blobs of convection trying to get going over I-20. When I finally turned back 180 degrees, to my immense shock, the departing storm had separated from its linear friends and blossomed into an enormous, incredible mushroom cloud on the eastern horizon. My self pity turned to shock and then anguish. It seemed too far gone to catch up to. I had been re-defeated.

    Sudden, explosive convection south of Last Chance || 2200Z

    I’m not sure what kind of soliloquy I was rendering at that moment, but my daughter finally decided it needed to stop. With simple optimism: “We should try to catch it anyway.” I love that kid. I’m glad she said it and glad I listened to her. We hopped on I-70 and made our way eastward. The whole time I was working the math of two moving targets and the time/location of intercept. If only the storm would stay interesting that long.

    RFD and wall cloud as we approached Bethune — 2345Z

    We finally caught up to it near Stratton with decent wall cloud and RFD action ongoing. Then we got ahead of it a couple miles north of Burlington. There was a sleek, saucer shaped lowering on the original meso with a new base forming to its south. I’m not sure whether that bell-shaped base was receding behind its own RFD curtain or if it was getting hidden by the developing forward flank of the new updraft. Either way, it was the greatest view of a meso handoff I’ve had so far.

    Saucer shaped base north of Burlington — 0000Z
    Meso handoff in progress north of Burlington — 0005Z

    We were in good position on a fantastic road grid with an easy-moving storm, so the photo ops were excellent. At one stop, the new base was looking particularly awesome and I stopped to grab shots while the video camera was running. It wasn’t until reviewing video later that I realized a cold air funnel had been twisting around for a couple minutes on the west side of the base.

    New base northeast of Burlington — 0015Z
    Cold air/shear funnel behind rain free base — 0013-0016Z

    We paralleled the storm as it moved eastward. An RFD surge carved an inverted soft-serve ice cream cone into the base at one point. Not ten minutes after that, a glance out the window revealed a beautiful funnel whirling away inside some sort of strange RFD eddy on the south edge of the storm. We pulled over quickly to hop out and get shots. Time was of the essence, so we didn’t wind up with the best foreground elements for photos. That issue took a back seat to the fact that we were standing on the side of the road looking up as a gorgeous funnel stared us down. Turning around to find my daughter embracing the outflow topped this off as the best storm chase turnaround ever.

    RFD carving the base northeast of Burlington — 0025Z
    Funnel and core between Burlington and Kanorado — 0035Z
    My daughter embracing the outflow as the funnel dwindles — 0035Z

    By now, the storm had fallen too far behind the expanding outflow boundaries and started to wither away. So, we paused to photograph an idyllic farmscape south of Kanorado. Then we enjoyed the view of an inbound gust front moving in from Colorado before calling it a night at a comfy hotel in Goodland.

    Farmstead southeast of Kanorado — 0120Z
    Gust front moving in south of Kanorado — 0150Z
  • 5 June 2015 | Northeast Colorado | Storm Chase

    5 June 2015 | Northeast Colorado | Storm Chase

    Our third chase day came after a very late night of bailing out of our hotel as a tornado-warned storm approached Limon at 2:30 in the morning. But a hotel stay is awesome after sleeping in the car the night before, and we were close to our target area between Limon and Denver. Insolation was a problem and I think the morning’s cloud cover hurt potential for the day, but we still wound up on several supercells.

    We caught our first two storms on Kiowa-Bennett Road east of Denver. We followed the second one for about an hour. I made an attempt to get ahead of it on Rector-Leader Road, northeast of Byers, but had to back off. The dirt road was turning to mud the further north we went, and gust front moving in too quickly to give it a shot.

    Wall cloud on supercell #1 from Kiowa-Bennett Road — 2015Z

    Road options wouldn’t let us stay on that storm, so we bailed on it. While storms 60 miles to the east were getting ready to spin up tornadoes, we waited for another close optin to roll up from the southwest. This one was more strung out, but still nicely structured as it crossed Highway 36 and morphed into a beautiful shelf north of Last Chance.

    Supercell #3 crossing Highway 36 east of Byers — 2235Z

    After that, I decided to head east to see if we could thread to the other side of a couple tornado-warned storms near Kirk. It was a long shot, and didn’t work out, but we eventually wound up in spectacular country along Highway 385. The lightning show north of Wray wound things down for the day.

  • 4 June 2015 | North Kansas to Northeast Colorado | Storm Chase

    4 June 2015 | North Kansas to Northeast Colorado | Storm Chase

    This was an incredible day for a lot of chasers who targeted eastern Colorado. If you don’t already know, just run a Google image search for “Simla Colorado Tornado” and bask in the amazement. My morning forecast perusal had dabbed a target option in the Simla vicinity as an ‘Upslope Magic’ option. I opted for a Kansas triple point target near Oakley instead.

    The morning forecast analysis

    We eventually drifted even further east near Zurich where better parameters seemed to be evolving. It wound up being a long wait. This part of Kansas was strikingly beautiful and begged for some photos while we waited for the cap to break along the warm front.

    After more waiting and hoping, and getting hints of amazing things happening in Colorado, we made our way to Stockton. I was really worried the cap was going to win and we were going to wind up with a complete bust. However, as convection started to fire in western Kansas, thin bubbles of cumulus finally started trying to hold their own in our area around 8:30 PM.

    We moved back west to view a storm that quickly blew up north of Nicodemus. We stayed on this awesome, nearly stationary lightning producer while grabbing time lapse footage. A nicely lowered base swung into view to our north and lightning told a staccato tale of scuddy, ground-scraping wonders beneath.

    A storm further west near Seldon wound up with a tornado warning around this time. We stuck with our storm though because I figured it had as good a chance of doing the same, and it was in a lot better road position for an after dark chase. Despite tantalizing goings-on beneath the updraft, our cell never went beyond a severe warning.

    After our Nicodemus storm seemed spent, we slowly made our way westward. I wanted to get back to Limon for the night, but storms were stalking our path back and I didn’t want to risk hail cores or worse after dark. So we waited them out and shot a bit more lightning photography.

    Roll cloud/shelf cloud and lightning lurking over our way to Limon — 0340Z

    We made it to our Limon hotel around 2AM just in time for a cell to go tornado-warned to our west as it headed straight for town. So we got back in the car, tired and cranky, and headed south of town to let the storm move through.

    Tornado-warned cell approaching Limon — 0653Z
  • 3 June 2015 | Elizabeth, Colorado | Storm Chase

    3 June 2015 | Elizabeth, Colorado | Storm Chase

    This was the first day of a five-day chase on the high plains with my daughter. After overnighting in the car near the New Mexico-Colorado border on I-20, we made our way up to Castle Rock and watched for initiation along the front range. Before long, a worthy tower went up to our southwest and got sheared into an impressively long escalator of cumulus.

    Convection southwest of Castle Rock — 2030Z

    We repositioned further southeast to the east side of Lake Gulch to get in front of it and watch it develop. Before long, we had a beautifully sculpted supercell over the gorgeous Colorado landscape. This is such an incredible place to watch a storm evolve.

    Supercell over Perry Park — 2115Z

    We eventually found ourselves east of Kiowa on Highway 86 as the storm grew more linear and started to wither away.

    Old and new cells along Rt 86, east of Kiowa — 0005Z

    Further west, another cell had taken over and was looking pretty serious as it moved over Elizabeth. Rotation developed in the base as it drifted eastward, but it never wrapped up tightly enough to do more than that.

    We followed it as it started to move more to the northeast getting an excellent twilight lightning show out of it before calling it a day.

    Twilight view of a departing supercell from Wilson Creek — 0300Z
  • 19 May 2013 Oxford Supercell Diagram

    19 May 2013 Oxford Supercell Diagram

    In my previous post, I diagrammed the Oxford, Kansas supercell from 19 May 2013. About 90 seconds after that shot was taken, a new area of low level rotation developed just ahead of the occlusion. This is a diagram of that moment as the inflow was forced into the updraft at that point and rapidly exposing circulation at the cloud base.

  • On the Continuum of Walls and Shelves

    On the Continuum of Walls and Shelves

    In 2010 after my first Great Plains chase, I spent a lot of time going through my photos and working to improve my understanding of storm structure. For one of those exercises, I diagrammed the Bowdle supercell. There was a lot of excellent feedback and discussion on all the structure in that beautiful, terrible, amazing storm.

    Each new supercell I chase broadens my appreciation for all the ingredients and dynamics that make each one unique and awesome. I enjoy recapping each one and visualizing what was happening, so I’ve been keen to diagram some more recent storms.

    What I especially wanted to work on were transition points in space or time where a shelf cloud is merging or morphing into a wall cloud/tail cloud and vice-versa. A lot of times it’s pretty clear what’s what. But because the storm and its environment don’t care about taxonomy, there are plenty of cases where things ride along a diffuse spectrum. To me, it’s educational to watch these things unfold and look for transitions where one thing becomes another, and what that means for the fluid movement and interaction of near-storm air masses.

    So, here is a batch of a few more.

    Denver Supercell – May 21, 2014

    While this storm was still strengthening over Denver Metro and headed toward the airport, it had a very compact RFD shelf that I wanted to call a wall cloud at first glance. But the RFD appears to be responsible for lifting this prominent feature out ahead of the base while the true wall clouds spins away behind. Mike Olbinski’s time lapse nicely demonstrates the dynamics (See the 6:24 segment of the video).

    Goshen County Supercell – May 20, 2014

    This was a view that to me, beautifully demonstrates the source of a weak wall cloud’s formation as the forward flank’s rain foot intrudes into the updraft, drastically lowering the condensation level in that area. How much of the foreground lowering would technically be considered a wall cloud vs. RFD shelf was questionable to me.

    Newkirk, Oklahoma Supercell – May 19, 2013

    This is an example of a transition point where the RFD is smearing a weak wall cloud into a shelf cloud. At least that’s how it seems to me. You can see that the foreground lowering is “pointing” toward the forward flank, and benefiting from lowered condensation as it rises into the base. But now it’s being hurried and lifted on its way by the RFD gust front (which it “points” away from). It seems to be in a place between both ‘definitions’ and both dynamic conditions.

    Oxford, Kansas Supercell – May 19, 2013

    This storm had a shelf feature on the forward flank leading straight into the the RFD core that made me think of video of the Long Point, Illinois storm on November 17, 2013Skip Talbot had commented that the forward flank shelf on that storm seemed to behave like a hybrid shelf cloud and inflow band.